Deep cycle batteries are a form of lead acid batteries that are specially designed to be deeply discharged, which means regularly using most of their capacity. This is in contrast to what are called starting batteries, which are lead acid batteries that provide short and intense bursts of current that are required to start an automotive engine. Consequently, starting batteries will have a higher rating for CCA (Cold Cranking Amps) which measures the ability to generate current in short spans but a lower rating for Reserve Capacity which measures steady delivery of current for a longer period. If you plan to use deep cycle batteries as starting batteries, you may have to buy oversized ones because of the lower current.
All lead acid batteries do not generate current but merely store power in lead plates that are immersed in an electrolyte solution of euphoric acid. Deep cycle batteries use thicker lead plates than starting batteries and these plates can better resist corrosion through many charging and discharging operations. In addition, the electrolyte may be of a higher density and the separator plates will be thicker. Though deep cycle batteries can be discharged up to 80% of their capacity, the best way to preserve their life cycle is to use them at between 50% and 60% before recharging.
In the case of flooded deep cycle lead acid batteries, regular charging and discharging will result in some water loss. You will therefore need to periodically check the level of the electrolyte and replenish it is appropriate with electrolyte or water as the case may be. The main reasons for the failure of deep cycle batteries are the loss of material on the lead plates as well as the damage to the separator plates caused by corrosion. It is electrolyte capacity and not the lead plates that determine the durability and lifespan of these batteries.
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